Chapter 1: Exercises (1.21 - 1.25)

1.21 How many words are there in this book.

1.22 What total volume of air does a person breathe in a lifetime? How does that compare with the volume of the Houston Astrodome? (Estimate that a person breathes about 500 cm³) of air with each breath.)

1.23 How many hairs do you have on your head?

1.24 How many times does a human heart beat during a lifetime? How many gallons of blood does it pump? (Estimate that the heart pumps 50 cm³ of blood with each beat.)

1.25 In Wagner's opera Ring of the Nibelung, the goddess Freia is ransomed for a pile of gold just tall enough and wide enough to hide her from sight. Estimate the monetary value of this pile. (Refer to Example 1.4 for information on the price per ounce and density of gold.)

Chapter 1: Exercises (1.16 - 1.20)

1.16 A rectangular piece of aluminum is 5.10 $\pm$ 0.01 cm long and 1.90 $\pm$ 0.01 cm wide. a) Find the area of the rectangle and the uncertainty in the area. b) Verify that the fractional uncertainty in the area is equal to the sum o the fractional uncertainties in the length and in the width. (This is a general result; see Challenge Problem 1.94.)

1.17 As you eat your way through a bag of chocolate chip cookies, you observe that each cookie is a circular disk with a diameter of 8.50 $\pm$ 0.02 cm and a thickness of 0.050 $\pm$ 0.005 cm. a) Find the average volume of a cookie and the uncertainty in the volume. b) Find the ratio of the diameter to the thickness and the uncertainty in this ratio.

1.18 How many gallons of gasoline are used in the United Sates in one day?

1.19 A box of typewriter paper has dimensions 11 in. $\times$ 17 in. $\times$ 9 in.; it is marked "10 M." Does that mean it contains 10,000 sheets or 10 million?

1.20 How many kernels of corn does it take to fill a 2-L soft drink bottle?

Chapter 1: Exercises (1.11 - 1.15)

1.11 Neptunium. In the fall of 2002, a group of scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory determined that the critical mass of neptunium-237 is about 60 kg. The critical mass of a fissionable material is the minimum amount that must be brought together to start a chain reaction. This element has a density of 19.5 g/cm³. What would be the radius of a sphere of this material that has a critical mass?

1.12 A useful and easy-to-remember approximate value for the number f seconds in a year is $\pi\times 10^7$. Determine the percent error in this approximate value. (There are 365.24 days in one year.)

1.13 Figure 1.5 shows the result of unacceptable error in the stopping position of a train. a) If a train travels 890 km from Berlin to Paris and then overshoots the end of the track by 10 m, what is percentage error in the total distance covered? b) Would it be correct to write the total distance covered by the train as 890,010 m? Explain.

1.14 With a wooden ruler you measure te length o a rectangular piece of sheet metal to be 12 mm. You use micrometer calipers to measure the width of the rectangle and obtain the value of 5.98 mm. Give your answers o the following questions to the correct number of significant figures. a) What is the area of the rectangle? b) What is the ratio of the rectangle's width to its length? c) What is the perimeter of the rectangle? d) What is the difference between the length and the width? e) What is the ratio of the length to the width?

1.15 Estimate the percent error in measuring a) a distance of about 75 cm with a meter stick; b) a mas of about 12 g with a chemical balance; c) a time interval of about 6 min with a stopwatch.

Chapter 1: Exercises (1.6 - 1.10)

1.6 Told that he needs to set goals for himself, Billy Joe Bob decides to drink one cubic meter of his favorite beverage during the coming year. How many 16-fluid-ounce bottles should he drink each day? (Use Appendix E. A fluid ounce is a volume unit; 128 fluid ounces equals one gallon).

1.7 The Concorde is the fastest airliner that is used for commercial service. It cruises at 1450 mi/h (about two times the speed of sound, or Mach 2). a) What is the cruise speed of the Concorde in km/h? b) What is it in m/s?

1.8 While driving in an exotic foreign land you see a speed limit sign on a highway that reads 180,000 furlongs per fortnight. How many miles per hour is this? (One furlong is $\frac{1}{8}$ of a mile, and a fortnight is 14 days. A furlong originally referred to the length of a plowed furrow.)

1.9 The gasoline consumption of a small car is advertised as 15.0 km/L (1 L = 1 liter). How many miles per gallon is this? Use the conversion factors in Appendix E.

1.10 The following conversions occur frequently in physics and are very useful. a) Use 1 mi = 5280 ft and 1 h = 3600 s to convert 60 mph to units of ft/s. b) The acceleration of a freely falling object is 32 ft/s². Use 1 ft = 30.48 cm to express this acceleration in units of m/s². c) The density of water is 1.0 g/cm³. Convert this density to units of kg/m³.